Gut microbiota and chronic diseases: Role of probiotics

Probiotics are live organisms that generally give consumers health advantages by improving or restoring the gut flora. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium two most commonly known probiotics. They have vital role in prevention and/or diagnosis of many diseases, such as obesity, cancer, asthma, diarrhoea, hay fever, diabetes, chronic HIV, atopic eczema. also help to maintain microflora intestine. Gut microbiota reside gastrointestinal tract humans, which can be bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa bacteriophages, essential for maintaining healthy health. The dominant microbial phyla consist firmicutes, actinobacteria, proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, fusobacteria. In 90% microbiata belongs important phyla-firmicutes bacteroidetes. Examples include acidophilus, Clostridium perfringens, Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis, Corynebacterium matruchotii. This review paper focuses on probiotic microorganisms preventing certain diseases. human is very crucial. host's homeostasis providing protection against pathogens, training immune system, better processing dietary compounds, assisting proper nutrient uptake.